Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities

The world is moving towards a circular economy that focuses on reducing wastes and keeping materials in use for the longest time possible. This paper critically reviewed three of largest volume landfill waste (tyres, plastics glass) are becoming major concern many countries. At present, crumb rubbers (from tyres) glass sands crushed being used concrete road constructions while often manufacturing civil structures. However, only 10% tyres, 19.5% 21% currently recycled globally. massive remaining unused goes to creating environmental problems. Therefore, finding new strategies utilising these vital. global country specific production, recycling landfilling rates summarised understand present situation crisis. Future improved management, potential investment research directions highlighted. New options construction also presented provide practical economical solutions extract maximum value ensure their continued closed loop system.